Numerous structures are available for companies wishing to mitigate political risks associated with foreign assets or trade transactions. IRC's Special Risk Group (SRG) is able to approach the U.S. and foreign markets, including London, to obtain quotations. The following are the most commonly utilized types of coverage:

• Confiscation, Expropriation, Nationalization, Deprivation (CEND)
• Currency Inconvertibility and/or Non-Transfer (CI/NT)
• Political Violence/ War (PV)
• Business Interruption
• Non-Honoring of Promissory Notes, Letters of Credit, or Sovereign Guarantee
• Contract Frustration Coverage
• Forced Abandonment/Divestiture
• License Cancellation/Embargo
• Wrongful Calling of Guarantee
• Non-Honoring of Arbitration Award
• Shariah-compliant, CEN-based coverage

Additional perils, such as Cancellation of License, Forced Abandonment, and Selective Discrimination can be added to enhance CEND coverage.

What can be insured?

• Assets: Insurance for manufacturing plants or buildings, natural resources like copper or tin mines, inventory stored in warehouses overseas, and movable equipment.
• Trade Transactions: Cover for export sales to sovereign and private-sector buyers.
• Loans: Banks insure against non-repayment of loans arising from CEND/PV/CI perils, e.g., Wrongful Cancellation of Operating License.
• Sovereign Government Performance: Policies include non-honoring of sovereign payment obligations and Ministry of Finance/Ministry of Defense guarantees, wrongful calling of performance bonds, down-payment guarantees, milestone payment guarantees, or standby letters of credit.